Countries · Americas
Bermuda
Bermuda is a global centre for insurance and reinsurance, and those companies hold large portfolios of US securities.
At a glance
Net inflows of foreign direct investment were −$0.18bn in 2025, against an average of $0.04bn a year in 2015–2024. Investors based in Bermuda withdrew a net $0.05bn of direct investment from abroad in the same year. Bermuda ran a current account surplus in every year shown, which means it was a net lender to the rest of the world. Investors in Bermuda held $111.8bn of US Treasury securities at the end of August 2026, +$12.9bn on a year earlier, and $180.4bn of US shares.
Insurers based in Bermuda invest premiums in bonds and shares, which is why investors in Bermuda hold more than $100bn of US Treasuries despite its size.
Bermuda's holdings of US securities
Treasuries, shares and bonds issued in the US and held by investors in Bermuda.
Holdings of US securities
End of month, Aug 2025 to Aug 2026, $bn.
Net purchases of long-term US securities
Each month, $bn. Positive means net buying.
The US Treasury records holdings by the country where securities are held in custody, which is not always the owner's country. Why this matters.
Direct and equity investment
Annual net flows, $bn. Direct investment means building or buying businesses; portfolio equity means buying listed shares and fund units.
Net flows by year
Direct investment into and out of Bermuda, and foreign buying of its shares, $bn.
Current account and reserves
The balance of trade and income with the rest of the world, and the reserves held by the central bank.
Current account balance
Each year, $bn. A surplus means the country lends to the rest of the world.
Remittances
Money sent home by people working abroad, compared with direct investment, $bn.
Remittances and direct investment
Each year, $bn.
The economy
GDP
Current US dollars, $bn. Dollar figures also move with exchange rates.
Growth and inflation
Real GDP growth and consumer price inflation, per cent.
All figures
Annual figures from the World Bank, as published. Download them for every country on the data page.
| Indicator | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (m) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| GDP ($bn) | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.2 | — |
| GDP per person ($) | 104,855 | 108,747 | 112,339 | 113,205 | 115,798 | 106,977 | 112,765 | 119,969 | 132,962 | 142,250 | — |
| Real GDP growth (%) | 0.8 | −0.7 | 3.6 | −0.4 | 0.3 | −7.0 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 1.9 | — |
| Current account ($bn) | 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 1.13 | 1.32 | 1.68 | 2.08 |
| Current account (% GDP) | 14.2 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 18.3 | — |
| Direct investment in ($bn) | −0.14 | −0.07 | −0.29 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.12 | −0.18 |
| Direct investment out ($bn) | −0.08 | 0.10 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | −0.05 |
| Portfolio equity in ($bn) | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.36 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.07 | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.02 | −0.01 |
| Remittances ($bn) | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.51 | 1.45 | 1.55 | 1.57 | 1.66 | 1.75 | 2.04 | 2.23 | 2.35 |
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