Countries · Middle East
Egypt
Egypt depends on remittances, tourism, Suez Canal revenue and foreign investment to cover a large current account deficit.
At a glance
Net inflows of foreign direct investment were $15.4bn in 2025, against an average of $11.8bn a year in 2015–2024. Investors based in Egypt put a net $0.70bn into direct investment abroad in the same year, less than Egypt received. Foreign investors were net sellers of $0.06bn of shares in Egypt in 2025. Money sent home by workers abroad came to $41.5bn in 2025, equal to 11.4% of GDP. Egypt ran a current account deficit in every year shown, which means it relied on money from abroad.
Direct investment jumped to $46.6bn in 2024, largely because of the UAE-backed Ras El-Hekma development deal. Money sent home by Egyptians working abroad reached $41.5bn in 2025. Egypt joined BRICS in 2024.
Egypt's holdings of US securities
Treasuries, shares and bonds issued in the US and held by investors in Egypt.
Holdings of US securities
End of month, Aug 2025 to Aug 2026, $bn.
Net purchases of long-term US securities
Each month, $bn. Positive means net buying.
The US Treasury does not publish Egypt's Treasury holdings separately; they are included in the figures for other countries. The US Treasury records holdings by the country where securities are held in custody, which is not always the owner's country. Why this matters.
Direct and equity investment
Annual net flows, $bn. Direct investment means building or buying businesses; portfolio equity means buying listed shares and fund units.
Net flows by year
Direct investment into and out of Egypt, and foreign buying of its shares, $bn.
Current account and reserves
The balance of trade and income with the rest of the world, and the reserves held by the central bank.
Current account balance
Each year, $bn. A surplus means the country lends to the rest of the world.
Foreign exchange reserves, including gold
End of year, $bn.
Remittances
Money sent home by people working abroad, compared with direct investment, $bn.
Remittances and direct investment
Each year, $bn.
The economy
GDP
Current US dollars, $bn. Dollar figures also move with exchange rates.
Growth and inflation
Real GDP growth and consumer price inflation, per cent.
All figures
Annual figures from the World Bank, as published. Download them for every country on the data page.
| Indicator | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (m) | 99.60 | 101.64 | 103.70 | 105.68 | 107.55 | 109.32 | 110.96 | 112.62 | 114.54 | 116.54 | 118.37 |
| GDP ($bn) | 329.4 | 332.4 | 248.4 | 262.6 | 318.7 | 383.8 | 424.7 | 476.7 | 395.9 | 389.1 | 365.3 |
| GDP per person ($) | 3,307 | 3,271 | 2,395 | 2,485 | 2,963 | 3,511 | 3,827 | 4,233 | 3,457 | 3,338 | 3,086 |
| Real GDP growth (%) | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 4.4 |
| Inflation (%) | 10.4 | 13.8 | 29.5 | 14.4 | 9.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 13.9 | 33.9 | 28.3 | 14.1 |
| Current account ($bn) | −17.24 | −20.49 | −7.94 | −7.70 | −10.22 | −14.24 | −18.61 | −10.54 | −12.56 | −22.12 | −13.94 |
| Current account (% GDP) | −5.2 | −6.2 | −3.2 | −2.9 | −3.2 | −3.7 | −4.4 | −2.2 | −3.2 | −5.7 | −3.8 |
| Reserves incl. gold ($bn) | 15.9 | 23.6 | 36.4 | 41.8 | 44.6 | 39.0 | 39.8 | 32.1 | 33.1 | 44.9 | 48.9 |
| Direct investment in ($bn) | 6.93 | 8.11 | 7.41 | 8.14 | 9.01 | 5.85 | 5.12 | 11.40 | 9.84 | 46.58 | 15.45 |
| Direct investment out ($bn) | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 0.70 |
| Portfolio equity in ($bn) | 0.01 | 0.61 | 0.22 | 0.22 | −0.01 | −2.00 | −1.49 | −1.39 | −0.25 | −0.27 | −0.06 |
| Remittances ($bn) | 18.33 | 18.59 | 24.74 | 25.52 | 26.78 | 29.60 | 31.49 | 28.33 | 19.53 | 29.56 | 41.52 |
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