Countries · Europe
Italy
Italy has large household savings and a big government bond market, much of it held at home.
At a glance
Net inflows of foreign direct investment were $0.88bn in 2025, against an average of $26.9bn a year in 2015–2024. Investors based in Italy put a net $22.9bn into direct investment abroad in the same year, more than Italy received. Foreign investors were net buyers of $6.21bn of shares in Italy in 2025. Investors in Italy held $62.0bn of US Treasury securities at the end of August 2026, −$0.9bn on a year earlier, and $124.8bn of US shares.
Italy has run a current account surplus in most recent years in the World Bank figures. Foreign demand for Italian government bonds is a closely watched flow in the euro area.
Italy's holdings of US securities
Treasuries, shares and bonds issued in the US and held by investors in Italy.
Holdings of US securities
End of month, Aug 2025 to Aug 2026, $bn.
Net purchases of long-term US securities
Each month, $bn. Positive means net buying.
The US Treasury records holdings by the country where securities are held in custody, which is not always the owner's country. Why this matters.
Direct and equity investment
Annual net flows, $bn. Direct investment means building or buying businesses; portfolio equity means buying listed shares and fund units.
Net flows by year
Direct investment into and out of Italy, and foreign buying of its shares, $bn.
Current account and reserves
The balance of trade and income with the rest of the world, and the reserves held by the central bank.
Current account balance
Each year, $bn. A surplus means the country lends to the rest of the world.
Foreign exchange reserves, including gold
End of year, $bn.
Remittances
Money sent home by people working abroad, compared with direct investment, $bn.
Remittances and direct investment
Each year, $bn.
The economy
GDP
Current US dollars, $bn. Dollar figures also move with exchange rates.
Growth and inflation
Real GDP growth and consumer price inflation, per cent.
Euro area portfolio flows
Italy is part of the euro area, whose combined figures the ECB publishes monthly, €bn.
Monthly net purchases, last 24 months
Shares and bonds combined, €bn.
The euro in global reserves
Share of central banks' allocated reserves held in euro, per cent.
Euro share of global reserves
Per cent, quarterly.
All figures
Annual figures from the World Bank, as published. Download them for every country on the data page.
| Indicator | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (m) | 60.23 | 60.12 | 60.00 | 59.88 | 59.73 | 59.44 | 59.13 | 59.01 | 58.98 | 58.95 | 58.92 |
| GDP ($bn) | 1,845.4 | 1,887.1 | 1,970.7 | 2,099.4 | 2,019.6 | 1,907.5 | 2,179.2 | 2,104.1 | 2,316.9 | 2,383.4 | 2,551.6 |
| GDP per person ($) | 30,640 | 31,392 | 32,844 | 35,062 | 33,813 | 32,091 | 36,853 | 35,654 | 39,280 | 40,430 | 43,309 |
| Real GDP growth (%) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | −8.9 | 8.9 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Inflation (%) | 0.0 | −0.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | −0.1 | 1.9 | 8.2 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| Current account ($bn) | 22.76 | 46.45 | 48.87 | 53.99 | 65.31 | 75.10 | 44.45 | −38.51 | 5.84 | 26.16 | 29.26 |
| Current account (% GDP) | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 2.0 | −1.8 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Reserves incl. gold ($bn) | 130.6 | 135.1 | 151.1 | 152.4 | 175.4 | 210.7 | 227.5 | 224.6 | 247.4 | 290.5 | 434.0 |
| Direct investment in ($bn) | 13.30 | 25.66 | 8.74 | 44.25 | 35.76 | −17.05 | 26.25 | 61.90 | 42.02 | 28.51 | 0.88 |
| Direct investment out ($bn) | 15.42 | 13.66 | 11.81 | 38.66 | 37.44 | 4.74 | 58.05 | 47.26 | 30.58 | 45.87 | 22.90 |
| Portfolio equity in ($bn) | 13.94 | −0.68 | 19.72 | −5.90 | 18.59 | −3.14 | 5.09 | −12.60 | 3.90 | 4.22 | 6.21 |
| Remittances ($bn) | 9.61 | 9.51 | 9.74 | 9.90 | 10.46 | 9.89 | 10.10 | 9.82 | 11.89 | 12.14 | 12.84 |
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