Countries · Europe
Spain
Tourism and exports have kept Spain's current account in surplus every year since 2015 in the World Bank figures.
At a glance
Net inflows of foreign direct investment were $28.6bn in 2025, against an average of $45.6bn a year in 2015–2024. Investors based in Spain put a net $47.2bn into direct investment abroad in the same year, more than Spain received. Foreign investors were net buyers of $19.1bn of shares in Spain in 2025. Spain ran a current account surplus in every year shown, which means it was a net lender to the rest of the world. Investors in Spain held $86.1bn of US Treasury securities at the end of August 2026, +$9.0bn on a year earlier, and $98.0bn of US shares.
Direct investment into Spain has been steady, and Spanish banks and companies have large operations in Latin America.
Spain's holdings of US securities
Treasuries, shares and bonds issued in the US and held by investors in Spain.
Holdings of US securities
End of month, Aug 2025 to Aug 2026, $bn.
Net purchases of long-term US securities
Each month, $bn. Positive means net buying.
The US Treasury records holdings by the country where securities are held in custody, which is not always the owner's country. Why this matters.
Direct and equity investment
Annual net flows, $bn. Direct investment means building or buying businesses; portfolio equity means buying listed shares and fund units.
Net flows by year
Direct investment into and out of Spain, and foreign buying of its shares, $bn.
Current account and reserves
The balance of trade and income with the rest of the world, and the reserves held by the central bank.
Current account balance
Each year, $bn. A surplus means the country lends to the rest of the world.
Foreign exchange reserves, including gold
End of year, $bn.
Remittances
Money sent home by people working abroad, compared with direct investment, $bn.
Remittances and direct investment
Each year, $bn.
The economy
GDP
Current US dollars, $bn. Dollar figures also move with exchange rates.
Growth and inflation
Real GDP growth and consumer price inflation, per cent.
Euro area portfolio flows
Spain is part of the euro area, whose combined figures the ECB publishes monthly, €bn.
Monthly net purchases, last 24 months
Shares and bonds combined, €bn.
The euro in global reserves
Share of central banks' allocated reserves held in euro, per cent.
Euro share of global reserves
Per cent, quarterly.
All figures
Annual figures from the World Bank, as published. Download them for every country on the data page.
| Indicator | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (m) | 46.42 | 46.46 | 46.57 | 46.78 | 47.12 | 47.36 | 47.44 | 47.79 | 48.35 | 48.85 | 49.36 |
| GDP ($bn) | 1,206.2 | 1,243.0 | 1,321.8 | 1,431.6 | 1,403.5 | 1,289.8 | 1,461.2 | 1,448.9 | 1,619.5 | 1,725.7 | 1,906.5 |
| GDP per person ($) | 25,982 | 26,756 | 28,381 | 30,602 | 29,787 | 27,234 | 30,799 | 30,319 | 33,493 | 35,327 | 38,627 |
| Real GDP growth (%) | 4.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | −10.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
| Inflation (%) | −0.5 | −0.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | −0.3 | 3.1 | 8.4 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Current account ($bn) | 24.57 | 39.26 | 37.39 | 26.65 | 29.75 | 10.57 | 11.18 | 5.50 | 44.25 | 54.93 | 56.17 |
| Current account (% GDP) | 2.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 2.9 |
| Reserves incl. gold ($bn) | 54.0 | 63.0 | 69.4 | 70.6 | 74.7 | 81.3 | 92.2 | 92.9 | 103.1 | 107.8 | 128.6 |
| Direct investment in ($bn) | 23.78 | 44.96 | 33.58 | 63.96 | 30.32 | 37.68 | 64.63 | 67.46 | 46.96 | 42.78 | 28.61 |
| Direct investment out ($bn) | 58.21 | 60.38 | 48.92 | 42.25 | 40.80 | 56.29 | 51.23 | 68.72 | 50.60 | 71.49 | 47.19 |
| Portfolio equity in ($bn) | 29.72 | 1.78 | 17.42 | −14.61 | 9.21 | 12.35 | 18.14 | 2.09 | −9.74 | 3.63 | 19.05 |
| Remittances ($bn) | 2.67 | 2.63 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 3.21 | 3.06 | 3.95 | 4.24 | 5.49 | 6.33 | 7.30 |
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